Particles

Specific charge is the ratio of charge to mass in a particle. The mass of the electrons tends to be negligible in this calculation.

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Particles decay if the strong nuclear force isn't able to keep them stable due to the excess of either protons or neutrons.

Neutrinos were hypothesised due to observations of the energy levels of particles before and after beta decay showed that energy was not conserved. Beta minus decay also emits an electron antineutrino whereas beta plus emits an electron neutrino.

For every type of particle there is an antiparticle which has the same rest energy and mass but all its other properties are opposite the particles.

In pair production, the energy of one photon is shared between a particle and its antiparticle, after rest energy is accounted for, kinetic energy is equally distributed.

Exchange particles carry energy and momentum between the particles experiencing the force and each fundamental force has its own exchange particles.

Strange particles are particles which are produced by the strong nuclear interaction but decay by the weak interaction.

I seem to have a good understanding of Feynman diagrams and conservation laws (B, Le, Lmu, Q, Strangeness)

Quantum Phenomena

When light intercepts a metal surface, and the light frequency is above the metal's threshold frequency, photons are absorbed and electrons are emitted. The threshold frequency is determined by the metal's work function, an energy.

Light is proven to have particulate properties because one discrete photon packet can be absorbed by one electron only. This is why if intensity is increased, more electrons are only emitted if threshold frequency is alreaady met as well.

Stopping Potential (V) represents the voltage required to stop an emitted electron of maximum possible kinetic energy. Energy = Charge * Voltage

An electron in an atom can gain energy from colliding with a free electron

Faster electrons -> Electrons of shorter wavelength (see de broglie) -> Less diffraction of electrons -> Decreased diameter of bright rings formed

To be honest, I think the hardest part of this topic is remembering how it links into waves. The idea of wave-particle duality would come very naturally to me if I was strong on the topic of waves itself.

Mechanics

There is very little to remember for this topic (not including further mechanics or materials) because most of it is just maths, and the mechanics found on A-Level Maths itself is harder anyway.

The principle of moments states that for an object to be in rotational equilibrium, the sum of its clockwise moments must equal the sum of its anticlockwise moments.

Newton's First Law states that an object will remain at rest or travelling at a constant velocity in a straight line until acted on by a resultant force.

Newton's Second Law states that the resultant force acting on a body is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum of the body in the same direction.

Newton's Third Law states that if body A exerts a force on body B, body B exerts an equal magnitude but opposite direction force of the same type on body A.

Materials

Resort to Anki on this topic tbh, there are too many definitions and not that much analysis or application, unfortunately.